{
  "updated": "2026-09-23",
  "reports": [
    {
      "id": "casey-2025",
      "short_title": "Casey national audit",
      "title": "National Audit on Group-based Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse",
      "author": "Baroness Louise Casey",
      "publisher": "Home Office",
      "published": "2025-06-16",
      "scope": "England and Wales",
      "period": "Multiple historical and recent datasets; audit conducted March–May 2025",
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-audit-on-group-based-child-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse",
      "source_type": "Independent official audit",
      "finding": "Casey identified repeated safeguarding failures and disproportionate representation of Asian suspects in several local datasets, warranting further investigation. National ethnicity data were too incomplete to establish a national offender profile.",
      "action": "The audit recommended a national investigation and inquiry, better data recording and stronger accountability.",
      "method": "Review of publications, agency data, local investigations and testimony. Local samples reflect police operational decisions.",
      "limitations": "Ethnicity does not identify citizenship, religion, birthplace or immigration status. Suspects are not convicted offenders. Local findings cannot be extrapolated nationwide.",
      "locator": "Chapters 1, 4 and 7; national table p. 75; Greater Manchester table p. 81",
      "version": "Corrected English PDF, 20 June 2025. The January 2026 landing-page update added a Welsh translation.",
      "highlights": [
        {
          "value": "131 of 243",
          "label": "Suspects recorded as Asian in 35 Greater Manchester investigations",
          "period": "January 2022–May 2025 · selected live and archived group-based CSE investigations",
          "kind": "Local police data",
          "note": "54% as rounded in the report; ethnicity used self-definition and appearance. This is not a Pakistani, Muslim or migrant count.",
          "source_page": 81
        },
        {
          "value": "66%",
          "label": "National suspect records with ethnicity not declared",
          "period": "2023 · group-based contact child sexual abuse and exploitation",
          "kind": "Data coverage",
          "note": "4,404 of 6,670 in Casey’s COCAD table. Includes family and institutional settings; broader than street-grooming networks.",
          "source_page": 75
        }
      ],
      "raw_url": "/raw/inquiries/2026-09-23/casey-2025.pdf",
      "download_url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/685559d05225e4ed0bf3ce54/National_Audit_on_Group-based_Child_Sexual_Exploitation_and_Abuse.pdf",
      "sha256": "c53a9554129e514fb5f247800c753fffd29a342480b3150b4cd05b388f7d818a",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-23T15:28:21.476616+00:00",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "iicsa-2022",
      "short_title": "IICSA organised-networks inquiry",
      "title": "Child sexual exploitation by organised networks",
      "author": "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, chaired by Professor Alexis Jay",
      "publisher": "IICSA",
      "published": "2022-02-01",
      "scope": "Six case-study areas in England and Wales",
      "period": "Cases and agency responses examined for the 2022 investigation; not an annual series",
      "source_url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/cs-organised-networks",
      "source_type": "Independent statutory inquiry",
      "finding": "The inquiry found exploitation by networks in all six case-study areas, alongside serious failures to identify networks, protect children and record ethnicity. Victims were sometimes blamed rather than protected.",
      "action": "Recommendations covered better data, support for victims, disruption of offending and inspection of agency responses.",
      "method": "Public hearings, witness evidence, agency documents and individual case reviews across Durham, Swansea, Warwickshire, St Helens, Tower Hamlets and Bristol.",
      "limitations": "These selected areas do not form a representative national sample. This report provides no national migrant-offending rate or total.",
      "locator": "Executive summary; Annex 4; Part H on profiling",
      "version": "February 2022 investigation report; distinct from IICSA’s October 2022 final report.",
      "highlights": [
        {
          "value": "6",
          "label": "Case-study areas with evidence of exploitation by networks",
          "period": "Durham · Swansea · Warwickshire · St Helens · Tower Hamlets · Bristol",
          "kind": "Inquiry scope",
          "note": "Number of study areas, not victims, offences or offenders.",
          "source_page": null
        }
      ],
      "raw_url": "/raw/inquiries/2026-09-23/iicsa-2022.pdf",
      "download_url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/61f926b0e90e0768a4477f22/child-sexual-abuse-organised-networks-investigation-report-february-2022.pdf",
      "sha256": "443840191996a615e6d31b23cf7403ef44ace24931c347d35cf1a63d4bf9eac3",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-23T15:28:34.969210+00:00",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "jay-2014",
      "short_title": "Jay’s Rotherham inquiry",
      "title": "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham (1997–2013)",
      "author": "Professor Alexis Jay",
      "publisher": "Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council",
      "published": "2014-08-26",
      "scope": "Rotherham, England",
      "period": "1997–2013",
      "source_url": "https://www.rotherham.gov.uk/downloads/download/31/independent-inquiry-into-child-sexual-exploitation-in-rotherham-1997-2013-",
      "source_type": "Independent local inquiry",
      "finding": "The inquiry documented rape and trafficking of children. Most known perpetrators were of Pakistani heritage, including five men convicted in 2010. It found severe council and police failures, and staff concerns about being considered racist when identifying perpetrators’ ethnicity.",
      "action": "The report called for improved safeguarding, leadership, agency accountability and support for victims.",
      "method": "Agency lists and records, 66 case files, meeting records and evidence from services and witnesses informed the inquiry’s estimate.",
      "limitations": "A local, historical estimate, not a conviction count or national total. It supplies no complete breakdown by immigration status, religion or birthplace. No annual values or statistical confidence interval are provided for this estimate.",
      "locator": "Executive summary; paragraphs 4.3–4.7 (printed p. 30 / PDF p. 36) and 11.2 (printed p. 92 / PDF p. 98)",
      "version": "August 2014 report.",
      "highlights": [
        {
          "value": "At least 1,400",
          "label": "Children estimated to have been sexually exploited",
          "period": "Rotherham · 1997–2013",
          "kind": "Inquiry estimate",
          "note": "The inquiry describes this as a conservative estimate. It is not a count attributed to a single ethnic or immigration-status group.",
          "source_page": 36
        }
      ],
      "raw_url": "/raw/inquiries/2026-09-23/jay-2014.pdf",
      "download_url": "https://www.rotherham.gov.uk/downloads/file/279/independent-inquiry-child-sexual-exploitation-rotherham",
      "sha256": "620f58edb31fafe087e1d5ef9c41ffe0a54f31184546014392f6785fe5887a5a",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-23T15:28:27.156918+00:00",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-09-23"
    }
  ]
}