{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "release": "2026-09-17",
  "datasets": [
    {
      "id": "nys-asylum",
      "metric": {
        "id": "nys-asylum-support",
        "slug": "nys-asylum-support",
        "name": "New York State asylum-seeker support",
        "category": "public-spending",
        "unit": "USD",
        "geography_level": "state",
        "population_definition": "People seeking asylum supported by New York State’s emergency response.",
        "definition": "State-recorded emergency support for people seeking asylum, including housing and emergency response. Annual values are calculated from cumulative fiscal-year-end spending.",
        "calculation_type": "calculated",
        "numerator_description": "Reported program costs or expenditure in nominal US dollars",
        "denominator_description": "Not applicable; dollar amounts, not a rate",
        "is_estimate": false,
        "amount_status": "reported-historical-spending",
        "dollar_basis": "nominal",
        "source_precision": "US dollars as reported",
        "start_year": 2024,
        "end_year": 2026,
        "methodology": {
          "formula": "Annual spending = cumulative total at March 31 minus the previous March 31 cumulative total. The series begins April 1, 2023, so FY2024 equals its first March year-end total. Sum selected complete state fiscal years.",
          "inclusions": "State agency spending and transfers recorded in Figure 1.",
          "exclusions": "Budget appropriations, partial FY2027, other states and tax revenue.",
          "known_limitations": "Much of this funds NYC services: do not add this series to NYC expenditure. Government transfers and final service costs can represent the same spending.",
          "comparability_notes": "State fiscal years run April 1–March 31. August 31, 2026 report vintage. Cumulative source values and annual differences are retained in each observation.",
          "last_reviewed": "2026-09-17"
        }
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "ny-state",
          "source_url": "https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/asylum-seeker-spending-report",
          "sha256": "f934ec37c8cae68f36c444087a0ad286990c5f1331935458d8b2726ba93410d5",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T19:27:31.252194+00:00",
          "raw_url": "/raw/ny-osc/public-spending/2026-09-17/f934ec37c8cae68f36c444087a0ad286990c5f1331935458d8b2726ba93410d5.html.txt",
          "agency": "New York State Comptroller",
          "dataset_name": "Asylum Seeker Spending Report: state expenditure",
          "download_url": "https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/asylum-seeker-spending-report",
          "source_locator": "Figure 1 cumulative spending, March 31 in 2024, 2025 and 2026; series begins April 1, 2023",
          "publication_date": null,
          "retrieval_method": "Preserved original bytes; SHA-256 checked; values validated at the stated source location.",
          "notes": "Data vintage retained as published; later releases must be reviewed separately."
        }
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "id": "nys-asylum-support-2024-state",
          "metric_id": "nys-asylum-support",
          "source_id": "ny-state",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-NY",
          "year": 2024,
          "period_start": "2023-04-01",
          "period_end": "2024-03-31",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "state",
          "value": 713017956,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "calculated-from-reported-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Figure 1: March 31, 2024 total 713017956 minus previous fiscal-year baseline 0",
          "cumulative_end": 713017956,
          "cumulative_start": 0
        },
        {
          "id": "nys-asylum-support-2025-state",
          "metric_id": "nys-asylum-support",
          "source_id": "ny-state",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-NY",
          "year": 2025,
          "period_start": "2024-04-01",
          "period_end": "2025-03-31",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "state",
          "value": 950763988,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "calculated-from-reported-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Figure 1: March 31, 2025 total 1663781944 minus previous fiscal-year baseline 713017956",
          "cumulative_end": 1663781944,
          "cumulative_start": 713017956
        },
        {
          "id": "nys-asylum-support-2026-state",
          "metric_id": "nys-asylum-support",
          "source_id": "ny-state",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-NY",
          "year": 2026,
          "period_start": "2025-04-01",
          "period_end": "2026-03-31",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "state",
          "value": 984094511,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "calculated-from-reported-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Figure 1: March 31, 2026 total 2647876455 minus previous fiscal-year baseline 1663781944",
          "cumulative_end": 2647876455,
          "cumulative_start": 1663781944
        }
      ],
      "scopes": {
        "state": "New York State expenditure"
      },
      "defaultScope": "state",
      "geography": "New York State",
      "fiscalYearStartMonth": 4,
      "badge": "Calculated annual spending",
      "downloadPath": "/data/public-spending/expanded-programs.json",
      "coverage_notes": [
        "FY 2024–2026; April–March state fiscal years. Includes transfers funding NYC services."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "illinois-health",
      "metric": {
        "id": "illinois-immigrant-health",
        "slug": "illinois-immigrant-health",
        "name": "Illinois immigrant healthcare · audit costs",
        "category": "public-spending",
        "unit": "USD",
        "geography_level": "state",
        "population_definition": "Noncitizen seniors and adults meeting HBIS/HBIA eligibility in each year. The audit includes unauthorized immigrants and, before eligibility changes, some lawful permanent residents.",
        "definition": "Reported costs for Illinois Health Benefits for Immigrant Seniors and Adults (HBIS/HBIA), using the performance audit’s fiscal-year totals.",
        "calculation_type": "reported",
        "numerator_description": "Reported program costs or expenditure in nominal US dollars",
        "denominator_description": "Not applicable; dollar amounts, not a rate",
        "is_estimate": false,
        "amount_status": "reported-historical-spending",
        "dollar_basis": "nominal",
        "source_precision": "US dollars as reported",
        "start_year": 2021,
        "end_year": 2024,
        "methodology": {
          "formula": "Use Exhibit 6 Totals for each fiscal year; sum selected complete fiscal-year totals. Retain the official rounded totals instead of rebuilding them from age-group components.",
          "inclusions": "HBIS/HBIA program service costs, including managed care payments.",
          "exclusions": "Other Illinois healthcare programs, tax revenue and unverified newer accounting series.",
          "known_limitations": "These are program costs, not exclusively state tax dollars. Illinois began retroactive federal claiming for emergency services in 2024; costs may overlap national Emergency Medicaid. Do not add the two series.",
          "comparability_notes": "Illinois fiscal years end June 30. Programs expanded during FY2021–2023; FY2024 eligibility and enrollment changed. The later HFS dashboard records claims approval/payment timing and differs from the audit: it is not spliced into this series.",
          "last_reviewed": "2026-09-17"
        }
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "illinois-audit",
          "source_url": "https://www.auditor.illinois.gov/Audit-Reports/Performance-Special-Multi/Performance-Audits/2025_Releases/25-HFS-HBIS-HBIA-Perf-Full.pdf",
          "raw_url": "/raw/illinois-oag/public-spending/2026-09-17/b4134f8838bf1749ab0111dc29e5ad5ce4d457630a0dfc175d7efbc3b7f4b075.pdf",
          "sha256": "b4134f8838bf1749ab0111dc29e5ad5ce4d457630a0dfc175d7efbc3b7f4b075",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T19:59:06.145003+00:00",
          "agency": "Illinois Office of the Auditor General",
          "dataset_name": "Performance Audit: Health Benefits for Immigrant Seniors and Adults",
          "download_url": "https://www.auditor.illinois.gov/Audit-Reports/Performance-Special-Multi/Performance-Audits/2025_Releases/25-HFS-HBIS-HBIA-Perf-Full.pdf",
          "source_locator": "Exhibit 6, printed page 14 / PDF page 32, Totals row; coverage and federal reimbursement on printed pages 4–6",
          "publication_date": "2025-02-26",
          "retrieval_method": "Preserved original bytes; SHA-256 checked; values validated at the stated source location.",
          "notes": "Data vintage retained as published; later releases must be reviewed separately."
        }
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "id": "illinois-immigrant-health-2021-total",
          "metric_id": "illinois-immigrant-health",
          "source_id": "illinois-audit",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-IL",
          "year": 2021,
          "period_start": "2020-07-01",
          "period_end": "2021-06-30",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "total",
          "value": 67315847,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "reported-historical-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Exhibit 6, Totals row, FY 2021"
        },
        {
          "id": "illinois-immigrant-health-2022-total",
          "metric_id": "illinois-immigrant-health",
          "source_id": "illinois-audit",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-IL",
          "year": 2022,
          "period_start": "2021-07-01",
          "period_end": "2022-06-30",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "total",
          "value": 186722013,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "reported-historical-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Exhibit 6, Totals row, FY 2022"
        },
        {
          "id": "illinois-immigrant-health-2023-total",
          "metric_id": "illinois-immigrant-health",
          "source_id": "illinois-audit",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-IL",
          "year": 2023,
          "period_start": "2022-07-01",
          "period_end": "2023-06-30",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "total",
          "value": 643549815,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "reported-historical-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Exhibit 6, Totals row, FY 2023"
        },
        {
          "id": "illinois-immigrant-health-2024-total",
          "metric_id": "illinois-immigrant-health",
          "source_id": "illinois-audit",
          "country": "US",
          "geography_code": "US-IL",
          "year": 2024,
          "period_start": "2023-07-01",
          "period_end": "2024-06-30",
          "period_type": "fiscal_year",
          "funding_scope": "total",
          "value": 719255222,
          "unit": "USD",
          "is_estimate": false,
          "amount_status": "reported-historical-spending",
          "revision": "2026-09-17",
          "source_locator": "Exhibit 6, Totals row, FY 2024"
        }
      ],
      "scopes": {
        "total": "Program costs · all funding sources"
      },
      "defaultScope": "total",
      "geography": "Illinois",
      "fiscalYearStartMonth": 7,
      "badge": "Audited program costs",
      "downloadPath": "/data/public-spending/expanded-programs.json",
      "coverage_notes": [
        "FY 2021–2024 audit series. Newer HFS payment/liability dashboards are not directly comparable."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "benefits": {
    "ssi": {
      "source": {
        "id": "ssa-ssi-2025",
        "source_url": "https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_asr/2025/sect05.html",
        "payment_source_url": "https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_asr/2025/sect02.html",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T19:59:06.163169+00:00",
        "raw_url": null,
        "sha256": null,
        "retrieval_method": "Verified transcription from SSA web tables 29 and 6. Direct original download returned 403; no original-file hash is claimed.",
        "table29": [
          [
            2015,
            525595
          ],
          [
            2016,
            507229
          ],
          [
            2017,
            492642
          ],
          [
            2018,
            463411
          ],
          [
            2019,
            430352
          ],
          [
            2020,
            397447
          ],
          [
            2021,
            365714
          ],
          [
            2022,
            342890
          ],
          [
            2023,
            324723
          ],
          [
            2024,
            319391
          ],
          [
            2025,
            310067
          ]
        ],
        "december_2025_average_payment": 596.77
      },
      "observations": [
        {
          "year": 2015,
          "value": 525595,
          "period": "December 2015",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2016,
          "value": 507229,
          "period": "December 2016",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2017,
          "value": 492642,
          "period": "December 2017",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2018,
          "value": 463411,
          "period": "December 2018",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2019,
          "value": 430352,
          "period": "December 2019",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2020,
          "value": 397447,
          "period": "December 2020",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2021,
          "value": 365714,
          "period": "December 2021",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2022,
          "value": 342890,
          "period": "December 2022",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2023,
          "value": 324723,
          "period": "December 2023",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2024,
          "value": 319391,
          "period": "December 2024",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        },
        {
          "year": 2025,
          "value": 310067,
          "period": "December 2025",
          "unit": "recipients",
          "source_locator": "Table 29, Total number"
        }
      ],
      "average_monthly_payment": {
        "year": 2025,
        "month": 12,
        "value": 596.77,
        "unit": "USD per recipient per month",
        "source_locator": "Table 6, Noncitizen, average monthly payment, Total"
      },
      "definition": "Noncitizen recipients of federally administered Supplemental Security Income payments, including federally administered state supplements. Naturalized citizens are not in this category.",
      "limitations": "December snapshots, not annual unique recipients. Do not sum across years. Average payment excludes prior-month back payments and cannot be multiplied into an exact annual cost. Noncitizen does not mean unauthorized."
    },
    "snap": {
      "source": {
        "id": "snap-2023-government",
        "source_url": "https://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resource-files/snap-FY23-Characteristics-Report.pdf",
        "raw_url": "/raw/usda/public-spending/2026-09-17/519cc00200c17764a324735c8f72a1123225253d1c32c596038340428e4c695a.pdf",
        "sha256": "519cc00200c17764a324735c8f72a1123225253d1c32c596038340428e4c695a",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T19:53:44.227941+00:00",
        "agency": "USDA Food and Nutrition Service",
        "dataset_name": "Characteristics of SNAP Households: FY 2023",
        "download_url": "https://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resource-files/snap-FY23-Characteristics-Report.pdf",
        "source_locator": "Table 3.6, printed page 30 / PDF page 46; sample and exclusions on printed page 17; proration footnote on page 29",
        "publication_date": null,
        "retrieval_method": "Preserved original bytes; SHA-256 checked; values validated at the stated source location.",
        "notes": "Data vintage retained as published; later releases must be reviewed separately."
      },
      "year": 2023,
      "observations": [
        {
          "category": "Naturalized citizen",
          "participants": 2470000,
          "monthly_prorated_benefits": 433814000,
          "is_estimate": true
        },
        {
          "category": "Refugee",
          "participants": 434000,
          "monthly_prorated_benefits": 95922000,
          "is_estimate": true
        },
        {
          "category": "Other noncitizen",
          "participants": 1330000,
          "monthly_prorated_benefits": 242032000,
          "is_estimate": true
        }
      ],
      "definition": "Average-month estimates from the FY2023 SNAP Quality Control sample; 50 states, DC, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Source categories remain separate.",
      "methodology": "Multiply published thousands by 1,000. USDA allocates household benefits to a category in proportion to eligible participants in that category. These are estimated monthly allocated benefits, not direct payments recorded against individual immigration status.",
      "limitations": "Sample of 43,776 households. Excludes erroneous issuance and disaster assistance, including COVID emergency allotments. Estimates are rounded; no confidence interval is provided in this table. Citizen children living with noncitizen adults are not added to noncitizen recipients. No annualization or multi-year total."
    }
  },
  "local_report": {
    "id": "chicago-new-arrivals",
    "name": "Chicago New Arrivals Mission",
    "value": 639654965,
    "unit": "USD",
    "period_start": "2022-08-31",
    "period_end": "2024-12-31",
    "source": {
      "id": "chicago-oig",
      "source_url": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/The-Citys-Support-of-the-New-Arrivals-Mission.pdf",
      "raw_url": "/raw/chicago-oig/public-spending/2026-09-17/1a2c1d879552d8b53e1680d05345ebd08decbe4c3250b793edbed1046652de2a.pdf",
      "sha256": "1a2c1d879552d8b53e1680d05345ebd08decbe4c3250b793edbed1046652de2a",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17T19:53:41.721850+00:00",
      "agency": "Chicago Office of Inspector General",
      "dataset_name": "The City’s Support of the New Arrivals Mission",
      "download_url": "https://igchicago.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/The-Citys-Support-of-the-New-Arrivals-Mission.pdf",
      "source_locator": "Report page 8: mission expenditures; service period August 31, 2022–December 31, 2024; payment data through April 25, 2025",
      "publication_date": "2026-07-22",
      "retrieval_method": "Preserved original bytes; SHA-256 checked; values validated at the stated source location.",
      "notes": "Data vintage retained as published; later releases must be reviewed separately."
    },
    "definition": "Audit-reported expenditure for mission services during this fixed period; multiple government funding sources.",
    "limitations": "Not an annual series. The audit identified about $50,916 omitted from the public dashboard; the audit total is retained. No annual allocation is inferred, and this amount is not added to other programs."
  },
  "pending_sources": [
    {
      "topic": "California healthcare",
      "status": "TODO: reconcile annual actual program expenditure and funding scope; do not use overall Medi-Cal budgets or policy savings."
    },
    {
      "topic": "TANF, housing, education and other support",
      "status": "TODO: attributable spending series by defined population not yet verified. Household benefit totals must not be assigned to noncitizens when they include citizen beneficiaries."
    },
    {
      "topic": "Newer NYC years",
      "status": "FY2026 remains provisional with conflicting source chart/table text; FY2027 is incomplete."
    },
    {
      "topic": "Newer Illinois years",
      "status": "FY2025 dashboard reports $553M of claims approved/MCO payments, while its FY2024 basis differs from audit service costs. Requires separate measure, not an extension of this audit series."
    },
    {
      "topic": "Annual SSI and SNAP dollar costs",
      "status": "SSI tables provide recipients and average December payments; SNAP table provides estimated average-month allocated benefits. Exact annual attributed outlays are not imported."
    }
  ]
}