{"data":[{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2014-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2014-12-31","year":2014,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":129887,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2015-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2015-12-31","year":2015,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":178035,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2016-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2016-12-31","year":2016,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":201591,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2017-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2017-12-31","year":2017,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":146605,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2018-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2018-12-31","year":2018,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":112523,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2019-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2019-12-31","year":2019,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":127001,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2020-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2020-12-31","year":2020,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":131803,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2021-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2021-12-31","year":2021,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":121457,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2022-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2022-12-31","year":2022,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":213716,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2023-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2023-12-31","year":2023,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":213567,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions:2024-12-31:IT:all:1","metric_id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","run_id":"release-eurostat-migr_acq","date":"2024-12-31","year":2024,"month":null,"quarter":null,"country":"IT","state":"","county":"","metro":"","geography_code":"IT","subgroup_type":"total","subgroup_value":"all","value":217448,"lower_bound":null,"upper_bound":null,"margin_of_error":null,"is_estimate":false,"quality_flags":"","revision":1,"source_version":"2026-09-17","revision_date":null,"unit":"people","period_type":"calendar_year","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17"}],"metrics":[{"id":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","slug":"eu-citizenship-acquisitions","name":"Citizenship acquisitions","short_name":"Citizenship acquisitions","category":"europe-citizenship","subcategory":null,"description":"Usual residents acquiring reporting-country citizenship during the year, through all reported national routes.","definition":"Usual residents acquiring reporting-country citizenship during the year, through all reported national routes.","unit":"people","population_definition":"All ages and sexes; all citizenships","geography_level":["national"],"calculation_type":"official_data","numerator_description":"Citizenship acquisitions","denominator_description":"Not applicable","is_estimate":true,"estimate_method":"Preserved Eurostat e/p flags; see national methodology.","default_chart_type":"line","source_id":"eurostat-migr_acq","status":"published","created_at":"2026-09-17","updated_at":"2026-09-17","methodology":{"title":"Citizenship acquisitions","description":"Usual residents acquiring reporting-country citizenship during the year, through all reported national routes.","formula":"Published official count; no calculation.","numerator":"Citizenship acquisitions","denominator":"Not applicable","inclusions":"All ages and sexes; all citizenships","exclusions":"No inference of citizenship, ethnicity or legal status from birthplace.","known_limitations":"Acquisitions of citizenship by usual residents, including naturalisation and other national routes. Not identical to naturalisation alone; laws differ between countries. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","comparability_notes":"Birthplace, citizenship, migration flows, permits and asylum applicants measure different populations. A b flag breaks the time series; growth is suppressed across breaks. All ages use the source age definition; duplicate all-age definitions must agree.","last_reviewed":"2026-09-17"},"start_year":2014,"end_year":2024,"latest_available_date":"2024-12-31"}],"sources":[{"id":"eurostat-migr_pop3ctb","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national statistical authorities","dataset_name":"Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth (migr_pop3ctb)","dataset_description":"Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop3ctb/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_pop3ctb?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_pop3ctb","publication_date":"2026-08-10","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-01-01","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/demo_pop_esms.htm","notes":"Birthplace follows current national borders. It includes citizens born abroad. France’s national “immigrant” definition (foreign-born and foreign at birth) is narrower. Germany’s migration-background category is broader. Unknown birthplace is kept separate. Country methods, estimation and census breaks affect comparisons. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/migr_pop3ctb/2026-09-17/manifest-093ce0f6f38e2ac2c94b5059ebcefd3128c602b6c548e91058d591802366fc56.json","sha256":"093ce0f6f38e2ac2c94b5059ebcefd3128c602b6c548e91058d591802366fc56"},{"id":"eurostat-migr_imm1ctz","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national statistical authorities","dataset_name":"Immigration by age group, sex and citizenship (migr_imm1ctz)","dataset_description":"Immigration by age group, sex and citizenship","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_imm1ctz/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_imm1ctz?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_imm1ctz","publication_date":"2026-05-29","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/migr_immi_esms.htm","notes":"Long-term arrivals establishing usual residence for at least 12 months; includes returning citizens. Counts are flows, not foreign-born population stocks. National administrative implementations may differ. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/migr_imm1ctz/2026-09-17/manifest-5c6f2b205c4201dcca2218cb9fac5ecffedd754965aa65c6d319dd4fd71dcbdd.json","sha256":"5c6f2b205c4201dcca2218cb9fac5ecffedd754965aa65c6d319dd4fd71dcbdd"},{"id":"eurostat-migr_emi1ctz","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national statistical authorities","dataset_name":"Emigration by age group, sex and citizenship (migr_emi1ctz)","dataset_description":"Emigration by age group, sex and citizenship","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_emi1ctz/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_emi1ctz?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_emi1ctz","publication_date":"2026-07-01","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/migr_immi_esms.htm","notes":"Long-term departures ending usual residence for at least 12 months; includes citizens. Emigration is often less completely registered than immigration. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/migr_emi1ctz/2026-09-17/manifest-847b88aad20db466eb1e8cc2cb85602873b02215bda530cca52496c7230e5a55.json","sha256":"847b88aad20db466eb1e8cc2cb85602873b02215bda530cca52496c7230e5a55"},{"id":"eurostat-migr_acq","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national statistical authorities","dataset_name":"Acquisition of citizenship by age group, sex and former citizenship (migr_acq)","dataset_description":"Acquisition of citizenship by age group, sex and former citizenship","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_acq/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_acq?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_acq","publication_date":"2026-03-27","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/migr_acqn_esms.htm","notes":"Acquisitions of citizenship by usual residents, including naturalisation and other national routes. Not identical to naturalisation alone; laws differ between countries. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/migr_acq/2026-09-17/manifest-7b688793ed2d682e0424b47cf5394edc65670a90cb227624ed64f36bcc2e2be8.json","sha256":"7b688793ed2d682e0424b47cf5394edc65670a90cb227624ed64f36bcc2e2be8"},{"id":"eurostat-migr_asyappctza","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national statistical authorities","dataset_name":"Asylum applicants by type of applicant, citizenship, age and sex — annual aggregated data (migr_asyappctza)","dataset_description":"Asylum applicants by type of applicant, citizenship, age and sex — annual aggregated data","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asyappctza/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_asyappctza?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_asyappctza","publication_date":"2026-09-03","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/migr_asyapp_esms.htm","notes":"Applicants, including accompanying family members; not decisions or grants. First-time means first application in the reporting country, not necessarily in Europe. Eurostat rounds asylum counts to the nearest five; categories may not sum exactly. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/migr_asyappctza/2026-09-17/manifest-005418670eb95136065a47c99e33253a42b818037a042f5930357fbf7be02e23.json","sha256":"005418670eb95136065a47c99e33253a42b818037a042f5930357fbf7be02e23"},{"id":"eurostat-migr_resfirst","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national statistical authorities","dataset_name":"First permits by reason, length of validity and citizenship (migr_resfirst)","dataset_description":"First permits by reason, length of validity and citizenship","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_resfirst/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_resfirst?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/migr_resfirst","publication_date":"2026-09-11","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/migr_resval_esms.htm","notes":"First residence permits for third-country nationals valid for at least three months. A first permit can follow a gap of at least six months from a previous permit. Not unique arrivals, visas, citizenship or the foreign-born population. Free movement is outside this measure. Original Eurostat status flags are preserved for each observation: b = break, e = estimate, p = provisional, d = differing definition. No interpolation. Release update date is used as the publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/migr_resfirst/2026-09-17/manifest-a952d5f8a4a1e14a23a7d4188d4afb6af735aa9c899c732d36e5bec24a818448.json","sha256":"a952d5f8a4a1e14a23a7d4188d4afb6af735aa9c899c732d36e5bec24a818448"},{"id":"insee-origins-0890039e033a","agency":"INSEE","organization":"Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques","dataset_name":"Immigrants by group of countries of birth, June 2026","dataset_description":"Immigrants by group of countries of birth, June 2026","source_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2381755","download_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2381755/demo-etran-repart-immig-pays.xlsx","api_url":null,"publication_date":"2026-06-04","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-01-01","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17T18:07:32.096876+00:00","update_frequency":"Annual; stage updated archives for validation before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2383177/Note_methodo_rupture_serie_immigration.pdf","notes":"INSEE immigrants exclude people born abroad with French nationality at birth. Birthplace is not current citizenship, ethnicity or legal status. Figures are estimates; 2024 and 2025 are provisional. A census collection change creates a break between 2023 and 2024; levels across that break must not be interpreted as comparable growth. The workbook reports counts in thousands (whole thousands in 2022, otherwise up to one decimal); converted to people at its original precision. Published percentages are retained. Nested groups overlap and must not all be summed. Africa outside the Maghreb is neither West Africa nor exactly sub-Saharan Africa.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/insee/france-demographics/2026-09-17/origins-0890039e033aacc97f1a56217efff75c18629d3ed37d1f6f7f108449b3e627a7.xlsx","sha256":"0890039e033aacc97f1a56217efff75c18629d3ed37d1f6f7f108449b3e627a7"},{"id":"insee-essential-51e8cfc4463d","agency":"INSEE","organization":"Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques","dataset_name":"Immigrants and foreigners: essential facts, June 2026","dataset_description":"Immigrants and foreigners: essential facts, June 2026","source_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3633212","download_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3633212","api_url":null,"publication_date":"2026-06-25","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-01-01","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17T18:07:32.099043+00:00","update_frequency":"Annual; stage updated archives for validation before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2383177/Note_methodo_rupture_serie_immigration.pdf","notes":"INSEE immigrants exclude people born abroad with French nationality at birth. Birthplace is not current citizenship, ethnicity or legal status. Figures are estimates; 2024 and 2025 are provisional. A census collection change creates a break between 2023 and 2024; levels across that break must not be interpreted as comparable growth. Imported the dated HTML tables. The linked workbook still contained older 2024 figures when retrieved and was excluded. Counts in this HTML are rounded to thousands; country shares to one decimal. Country rows are selected published countries, not an exhaustive country list. No counts are inferred from rounded shares.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/insee/france-demographics/2026-09-17/essential-51e8cfc4463d03dad655f4b3a77eb6eeca403984ad64f94d678b0aa4f04b1f71.html","sha256":"51e8cfc4463d03dad655f4b3a77eb6eeca403984ad64f94d678b0aa4f04b1f71"},{"id":"insee-regional-077def567ea4","agency":"INSEE","organization":"Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques","dataset_name":"Location of immigrants and descendants, 2023 edition","dataset_description":"Location of immigrants and descendants, 2023 edition","source_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793282","download_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6793282/IMMFRA23-F30.xlsx","api_url":null,"publication_date":"2023-03-30","data_period_start":"2020-01-01","data_period_end":"2021-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17T18:07:32.100107+00:00","update_frequency":"Annual; stage updated archives for validation before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793282","notes":"Historical 2020–2021 estimates, France excluding Mayotte. Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis percentages use each department’s residents as denominator. The 37% figure uses all immigrants in France excluding Mayotte as denominator and covers the entire Île-de-France region, not Paris city or the inner suburbs.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/insee/france-demographics/2026-09-17/regional-077def567ea4511a75b6cfa078702d6a4fab597e2006bcf98cd42714808f383d.xlsx","sha256":"077def567ea4511a75b6cfa078702d6a4fab597e2006bcf98cd42714808f383d"},{"id":"fr-crime-offences-859d9612b18f","agency":"SSMSI · French Ministry of the Interior","organization":"SSMSI · French Ministry of the Interior","dataset_name":"Police suspects · SSMSI","dataset_description":"People recorded as suspects in offences cleared by police or gendarmerie. Suspicion is not conviction. Counts may refer to offences committed earlier and the same person can appear in multiple categories or years. Suppressed homicide nationality cells in 2016 remain missing. These indicators are not an exhaustive, mutually exclusive all-crime total. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/principales-caracteristiques-des-victimes-enregistrees-et-des-mis-en-cause-pour-des-infractions-elucidees-par-la-police-et-la-gendarmerie-nationales","download_url":"https://static.data.gouv.fr/resources/principales-caracteristiques-des-victimes-enregistrees-et-des-mis-en-cause-pour-des-infractions-elucidees-par-la-police-et-la-gendarmerie-nationales/20260129-160126/donnee-nat-caract-mec-data.gouv-2025-produit-le-29012026.xlsx","api_url":null,"publication_date":"2026-01-30","data_period_start":"2016-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://static.data.gouv.fr/resources/principales-caracteristiques-des-victimes-enregistrees-et-des-mis-en-cause-pour-des-infractions-elucidees-par-la-police-et-la-gendarmerie-nationales/20260129-113555/metadonnees-victimes-mec-caract-ssmsi-29012026.pdf","notes":"People recorded as suspects in offences cleared by police or gendarmerie. Suspicion is not conviction. Counts may refer to offences committed earlier and the same person can appear in multiple categories or years. Suppressed homicide nationality cells in 2016 remain missing. These indicators are not an exhaustive, mutually exclusive all-crime total. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/fr/crime-offences/2026-09-17/fr-crime-d975455954e99fa8efb0ee1c037bb945ab8f52cdd026ea021a96fc2e8675c56b.xlsx","sha256":"d975455954e99fa8efb0ee1c037bb945ab8f52cdd026ea021a96fc2e8675c56b"},{"id":"nl-crime-offences-b003a513de08","agency":"Statistics Netherlands (CBS)","organization":"Statistics Netherlands (CBS)","dataset_name":"Suspect registrations · CBS","dataset_description":"Police suspect registrations, including suspects without a registered Dutch address. Three suspects for one crime count three times; one person suspected in three crimes also counts three times. These are not convictions, unique people or crime incidents. Dutch includes people treated as Dutch under the Moluccans Facilities Act; Dutch dual nationals are Dutch. Stateless/unknown is excluded from the foreign remainder. 2024–2025 are provisional; counts are rounded to tens. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/85656NED","download_url":"https://opendata.cbs.nl/ODataApi/OData/85656NED/TypedDataSet?%24filter=Geslacht+eq+%27T001038+%27+and+WelGeenWoonadresInNederland+eq+%27T001479%27+and+%28Nationaliteit+eq+%27T001059%27+or+Nationaliteit+eq+%27NAT9267%27+or+Nationaliteit+eq+%27NAT9480%27%29","api_url":"https://opendata.cbs.nl/ODataApi/OData/85656NED/TypedDataSet?%24filter=Geslacht+eq+%27T001038+%27+and+WelGeenWoonadresInNederland+eq+%27T001479%27+and+%28Nationaliteit+eq+%27T001059%27+or+Nationaliteit+eq+%27NAT9267%27+or+Nationaliteit+eq+%27NAT9480%27%29","publication_date":"2026-03-27","data_period_start":"2010-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://opendata.cbs.nl/ODataApi/OData/85656NED/TableInfos","notes":"Police suspect registrations, including suspects without a registered Dutch address. Three suspects for one crime count three times; one person suspected in three crimes also counts three times. These are not convictions, unique people or crime incidents. Dutch includes people treated as Dutch under the Moluccans Facilities Act; Dutch dual nationals are Dutch. Stateless/unknown is excluded from the foreign remainder. 2024–2025 are provisional; counts are rounded to tens. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/nl/crime-offences/2026-09-17/nl-crime-bc9d7995cfcda3f69d738aa05d390f23a60f777ec72eab7bd6406fb59ec0d151.json","sha256":"bc9d7995cfcda3f69d738aa05d390f23a60f777ec72eab7bd6406fb59ec0d151"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-1e852ed691eb","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1491576","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST242975","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2019-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1491576","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2019-48b1e760ea7253d40a2f76b10c25cf0ab148d1c0b755c1293d2236c58a376306.html","sha256":"48b1e760ea7253d40a2f76b10c25cf0ab148d1c0b755c1293d2236c58a376306"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2019-48b1e760ea72","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2019","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST242975","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST242975","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2019-12-31","data_period_end":"2019-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST242975","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2019-48b1e760ea7253d40a2f76b10c25cf0ab148d1c0b755c1293d2236c58a376306.html","sha256":"48b1e760ea7253d40a2f76b10c25cf0ab148d1c0b755c1293d2236c58a376306"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2020-af69706f79d0","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2020","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST282358","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST282358","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2020-12-31","data_period_end":"2020-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST282358","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2020-af69706f79d0f3079c2e7e6ccc73c34149ce4c633649f9247bfdf62d27908c25.html","sha256":"af69706f79d0f3079c2e7e6ccc73c34149ce4c633649f9247bfdf62d27908c25"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2021-13cd028e4402","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2021","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST361910","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST361910","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2021-12-31","data_period_end":"2021-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST361910","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2021-13cd028e44021bd46da16bc4cfabc955c1c3b81d88a32b97a2fca35cccd22666.html","sha256":"13cd028e44021bd46da16bc4cfabc955c1c3b81d88a32b97a2fca35cccd22666"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2022-1d65e377ce5f","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2022","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST417055","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST417055","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2022-12-31","data_period_end":"2022-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST417055","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2022-1d65e377ce5f6c2dc1e580bf2a7bb8e88bd48b98a364748faaade5e6723c2f39.html","sha256":"1d65e377ce5f6c2dc1e580bf2a7bb8e88bd48b98a364748faaade5e6723c2f39"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2023-3f26b894400e","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2023","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST455285","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST455285","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2023-12-31","data_period_end":"2023-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST455285","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2023-3f26b894400e60540ab8271a44867e562338f12ba544c11f9f3f8c4c1d5600ee.html","sha256":"3f26b894400e60540ab8271a44867e562338f12ba544c11f9f3f8c4c1d5600ee"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2024-fe34c82529a6","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2024","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1438106","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1438106","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2024-12-31","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1438106","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2024-fe34c82529a6b9f6a1830f88d43a34f030539a47e673b6773f0b1b3e4e3f1075.html","sha256":"fe34c82529a6b9f6a1830f88d43a34f030539a47e673b6773f0b1b3e4e3f1075"},{"id":"it-crime-offences-2025-ad7a0bf5c55a","agency":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","organization":"Italian Ministry of Justice · DAP","dataset_name":"Prison population by offence · DAP · 31 December 2025","dataset_description":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1491576","download_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1491576","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2025-12-31","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?contentId=SST1491576","notes":"Adult prisoners present on 31 December, including remand and sentenced prisoners. A prisoner charged with or convicted of multiple offences appears in each applicable category. Do not sum offence categories or annual prison snapshots to calculate crimes or unique prisoners. Broad categories follow Italian law; immigration-law offences are identified separately. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/it/crime-offences/2026-09-17/it-crime-2025-ad7a0bf5c55a57b6e53f79f577968be38399d902954083b5ae098870711d12d3.html","sha256":"ad7a0bf5c55a57b6e53f79f577968be38399d902954083b5ae098870711d12d3"},{"id":"se-crime-offences-d214685de409","agency":"Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå)","organization":"Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå)","dataset_name":"Foreign-born suspects · Brå study (2007–2018)","dataset_description":"Historical government study of registered suspects aged 15 or older in the Swedish population register, 2007–2018. This series classifies birthplace, not citizenship: foreign-born includes naturalized citizens and excludes Sweden-born children of immigrants. It is separate from the current non-citizen prison dataset. Suspects are not convicted offenders. Each person can recur across categories or years; period totals are person-year counts. Changes in law, recording and population composition affect trends. The 2018 consent law changed sexual-offence definitions; the chart marks that boundary. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Birthplace does not identify citizenship or immigration status.","source_url":"https://bra.se/rapporter/arkiv/2021-08-25-misstankta-for-brott-bland-personer-med-inrikes-respektive-utrikes-bakgrund","download_url":"https://bra.se/download/18.366598ab19270941a1c3956/1729256818471/2021_Tabellbilaga%202%20delstudie%202.pdf","api_url":null,"publication_date":"2021-08-25","data_period_start":"2007-01-01","data_period_end":"2018-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Occasional research study; next update planned for late 2026","methodology_url":"https://bra.se/rapporter/arkiv/2021-08-25-misstankta-for-brott-bland-personer-med-inrikes-respektive-utrikes-bakgrund","notes":"Historical government study of registered suspects aged 15 or older in the Swedish population register, 2007–2018. This series classifies birthplace, not citizenship: foreign-born includes naturalized citizens and excludes Sweden-born children of immigrants. It is separate from the current non-citizen prison dataset. Suspects are not convicted offenders. Each person can recur across categories or years; period totals are person-year counts. Changes in law, recording and population composition affect trends. The 2018 consent law changed sexual-offence definitions; the chart marks that boundary. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Birthplace does not identify citizenship or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/se/crime-offences/2026-09-17/se-bra-study2-0fb9525749dd55a18695d8f4ece29476f2de9068cc62326fd7b24062eaae6b61.pdf","sha256":"0fb9525749dd55a18695d8f4ece29476f2de9068cc62326fd7b24062eaae6b61"},{"id":"de-crime-offences-912f5fb609f3","agency":"Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA)","organization":"Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA)","dataset_name":"Police suspects by offence · BKA","dataset_description":"Police-recorded suspects, not convictions or offences. BKA counts a person once within each annual offence category; people recur across categories and years. Non-German includes people without German citizenship, including stateless or unresolved nationality and non-residents. German dual citizens are classified as German. Counts are not all migrant crimes or population rates. Legal and recording changes affect comparability: the 2016 sexual-law reform, later sexual-offence changes, the 2021 threats-law expansion and 2024 cannabis reform require care. The cannabis change also breaks comparison between the transitional 2024 year and the first full year in 2025 for all offences, offences excluding immigration law and drug offences. The chart marks relevant boundaries. The overall counts cannot be compared as unchanged legal coverage across these reforms. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_url":"https://www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/PKS2025/pksTabellen_Interpretationshilfen/Zeitreihen/zeitreihen_node.html","download_url":"https://www.bka.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/2025/Interpretation/Tatverdaechtige/ZR-TV-07-T50-TV-insg-nichtdeutsch_xls.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=2","api_url":null,"publication_date":null,"data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; reviewed before publication","methodology_url":"https://www.bka.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/2025/Interpretation/01_div_Dok/Wichtige-Hinweise-zur-Interpretation.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5","notes":"Police-recorded suspects, not convictions or offences. BKA counts a person once within each annual offence category; people recur across categories and years. Non-German includes people without German citizenship, including stateless or unresolved nationality and non-residents. German dual citizens are classified as German. Counts are not all migrant crimes or population rates. Legal and recording changes affect comparability: the 2016 sexual-law reform, later sexual-offence changes, the 2021 threats-law expansion and 2024 cannabis reform require care. The cannabis change also breaks comparison between the transitional 2024 year and the first full year in 2025 for all offences, offences excluding immigration law and drug offences. The chart marks relevant boundaries. The overall counts cannot be compared as unchanged legal coverage across these reforms. Categories overlap and must not be added together. Nationality does not identify birthplace, naturalization or immigration status.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/de/crime-offences/2026-09-17/de-crime-2025-7a2e9a8c41ba89210291a4407769ad0def48d0c36638a30df41f9db84379b18c.xlsx","sha256":"7a2e9a8c41ba89210291a4407769ad0def48d0c36638a30df41f9db84379b18c"},{"id":"ine-adult-offences-26014-11f7b222f375","agency":"Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)","organization":"Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Spain","dataset_name":"Adult Convicted Population · Table 26014: offences by nationality","dataset_description":"Annual offences in registered final convictions of adults, by Spanish Penal Code category and nationality.","source_url":"https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?L=1&t=26014","download_url":"https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/files/t/csv_bdsc/26014.csv","api_url":"https://servicios.ine.es/wstempus/js/es/DATOS_TABLA/26014?tip=AM","publication_date":"2026-07-14","data_period_start":"2013-01-01","data_period_end":"2025-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; check the INE release calendar weekly","methodology_url":"https://ine.es/en/metodologia/t18/t1830466_en.pdf","notes":"Offences in final adult convictions entered in the Central Register of Convicted Persons during the year; the offences may have occurred earlier. Counts include attempted offences and can include multiple offences per person. Nationality is not birthplace, naturalization or immigration status. Minors and crimes without a registered final conviction are outside this table. Offence groups follow Spanish law; parent categories contain their subcategories and must not be added together. The all-offence and residual categories cannot isolate all immigration-related offences. Missing cells remain missing. The July 2015 Penal Code reform folded misdemeanours into minor crimes: 2015 is a transition year and 2016 is the first full year under the new coverage. The chart separates those periods. Sexual-offence definitions changed under Organic Law 10/2022; old and new law can coexist in later registered convictions. Sexual-offence series are also separated at 2022 and 2023. These chart breaks are editorial safeguards based on INE methodology, not flags supplied in the CSV. Annual counts are register-year records, not unique people over multiple years or population crime rates.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/ine/adult-offences-26014/2026-09-17/spain-ine-26014-11f7b222f375a6211b9a6ee89a313e1c8fea211f01daa0d45db026f900a962c4.csv","sha256":"11f7b222f375a6211b9a6ee89a313e1c8fea211f01daa0d45db026f900a962c4"},{"id":"eurostat-crime-offence-rates","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"European Commission / national police and statistical authorities","dataset_name":"Police-recorded offences by offence category (crim_off_cat)","dataset_description":"Published annual offence rates per 100,000 inhabitants.","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/crim_off_cat/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/crim_off_cat?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/crim_off_cat","publication_date":"2026-04-29","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; revisions checked weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/EN/crim_sims.htm","notes":"Published rates per 100,000 inhabitants, based on resident population on 1 January. Counts reflect offences recorded by police, not all offending or unique offenders. Laws, reporting and counting practices differ by country and offence, especially sexual offences. Crime geography may exclude overseas territories. These rates concern all residents/offenders, not immigrant offenders. Source flags and missing cells are preserved. Source update date is used as publication date.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/crim_off_cat/2026-09-17/manifest-8a1579ffbf522feb74626239c29f7e0e2dcaa9f697464dcc9c8dc20bc2c328c1.json","sha256":"8a1579ffbf522feb74626239c29f7e0e2dcaa9f697464dcc9c8dc20bc2c328c1"},{"id":"crime-eurostat-crim_pris_ctz","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"Eurostat","dataset_name":"Prisoners by citizenship (crim_pris_ctz)","dataset_description":"Prisoners by citizenship (crim_pris_ctz)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/crim_pris_ctz/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/crim_pris_ctz?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/crim_pris_ctz?lang=EN","publication_date":"2026-04-29","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; check for updates weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/EN/crim_sims.htm","notes":"Citizenship in the reporting country, not birthplace or immigration status. National counting rules, coverage and criminal laws differ. Persons suspected, prosecuted and convicted are separate stages and not a linked cohort. All-offence series may include immigration offences, which this dataset cannot remove. Prison stock dates vary: Sweden uses 1 October; Germany uses national reference dates; most others use 31 December. The observation date is a year key, not a claim that every snapshot is 31 December. Prison stocks include unconvicted people and reflect sentence length as well as admissions. No population rate is inferred. Missing cells and source quality flags are preserved. Counts with inconsistent category totals remain reported, but shares are suppressed.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/crim_pris_ctz/2026-09-17/crime-manifest-1625049c0872091bfcf03c1d2c9a5baa51bd644a14535de50470025e4728df4e.json","sha256":"1625049c0872091bfcf03c1d2c9a5baa51bd644a14535de50470025e4728df4e"},{"id":"crime-eurostat-crim_just_ctz","agency":"Eurostat","organization":"Eurostat","dataset_name":"Suspects and offenders by citizenship (crim_just_ctz)","dataset_description":"Suspects and offenders by citizenship (crim_just_ctz)","source_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/crim_just_ctz/default/table?lang=en","download_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/crim_just_ctz?lang=EN","api_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/crim_just_ctz?lang=EN","publication_date":"2026-04-29","data_period_start":"2014-01-01","data_period_end":"2024-12-31","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17","update_frequency":"Annual; check for updates weekly","methodology_url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/EN/crim_sims.htm","notes":"Citizenship in the reporting country, not birthplace or immigration status. National counting rules, coverage and criminal laws differ. Persons suspected, prosecuted and convicted are separate stages and not a linked cohort. All-offence series may include immigration offences, which this dataset cannot remove. Prison stock dates vary: Sweden uses 1 October; Germany uses national reference dates; most others use 31 December. The observation date is a year key, not a claim that every snapshot is 31 December. Prison stocks include unconvicted people and reflect sentence length as well as admissions. No population rate is inferred. Missing cells and source quality flags are preserved. Counts with inconsistent category totals remain reported, but shares are suppressed.","source_type":"primary_government","raw_url":"/raw/eurostat/crim_just_ctz/2026-09-17/crime-manifest-b23c4a3f480a229679d5892c2d21d91e191626517abd0f5693f5a9b0f773493e.json","sha256":"b23c4a3f480a229679d5892c2d21d91e191626517abd0f5693f5a9b0f773493e"}],"meta":{"country":"Italy","count":11,"release":"2026-09-17","missingData":"Null is unavailable, never zero."}}